THE EGYPTIAN PERIOD 

1876-1446 BC

Exodus

The Jewish first word is the title – And these are the names. The book begins with there was a king who did not know Joseph. He no longer felt obligated to Joseph’s people. He enslaved them. He feared them.

The Septuagint – took word from (Exo 19:1) that means “going out” (Exodus) This is a good name as it records Israel leaving Egypt. This is the most important event in the Old Testament and has many similarities in how Christ has set us free from sin.

Exodus is part of the Torah – Genesis to Deuteronomy. Moses authored it during the wilderness between 1446-1406BC.

Exodus has several themes

1. Making of the covenant with Israel (Exo 24:3-8)
   Prior to it, God dealt with individuals.
2. The Exodus from Egypt
   God’s great act of redemption in the OT.
3. Institution of the Passover (Exo 12)
4. Giving of the 10 commandments
5. Instructions on the Tabernacle
   There is more information on the Tabernacle than any other thing in the Bible.
6. Priesthood
   Jesus fulfills the priesthood, but Exodus introduces us to it.

Notes

Introduction to Exodus (Exo 1-4)

1. Egypt is a type of world, opposing God’s people and trying to keep them in bondage
2. Pharoah is a type of Satan, the god of this world who demands worship, defies God, and thinks to enslave God’s people.
3. Israel is a type of the church, delivered from the bondage of the world, led on a pilgrim journey, and protected by God.
4. Moses is a type of Christ.
5. Crossing the Red Sea is a picture of the resurrection.
6. The Manna is a picture of Christ who is the Bread of Life.
7. The Smitten Rock is a type of the smitten Christ through which the Holy Spirit is given.
8. Amalek is a picture of the flesh, opposing the believer in our journey.
9. Passover is a picture of the death of Christ who is our Passover.

Moses and Christ

1. Moses was a prophet, priest, servant, shepherd, mediator, deliverer.
2. Moses was meek, faithful, obedient, mighty in words and deed.
3. Moses was a son in Egypt, where he was in danger of being killed but providentially cared for by God.
4. Moses was rejected by his people at first but received it the 2^nd
5. Moses led the people, fed the people. He delivered God’s people through the blood.
6. Moses was raised by Pharoah’s daughter but taught by his own mother. This is where he learned about the hardships of the Hebrews and found faith. (Heb 11:23-28)
7. It is easy to see in Exodus the pattern of the Christian life. Christ redeems us from the bondage of sin, and we journey through this world. We are redeemed but waiting for the Promised Land.
8. Moses life is divided into 3 periods. First 40 years in Egypt. 2^nd 40 years in the desert. Final 40 years leading Israel to the land.

Notes

Call of Moses

1. God appears to Moses (Exo 3:1-6)
2. God appoints Moses (Exo 3:7-10)
3. God answers Moses (Exo 3:11-4:17)

• Who am I?
• Who is sending me?
• They will not believe me!
• I am not gifted!

4. God assures Moses (Exo 4:18-31)
   His word – the people who wanted Moses dead are now dead.
   His discipline – Circumcision was the sign of the covenant, but Moses had not circumcised his son. How could he lead Israel if he had not be loyal?
   His leading – He had Aaron to assist Moses.
   The acceptance of the people.

Notes

The Passover (Exo 5-15)

1. The command
   Seven times in these chapters God says to Pharoah, “let my people go!” Pharoah responds with; “who is the Lord?”
   Pharoah hardened his heart and the battle was on. (What does it mean that God hardened Pharoah’s heart?) The purpose was for God to show His power. The stage was set.
2. The conflict, ten plagues
   They were signs to Israel assuring them of God’s power.
   The were plagues of judgment against Egypt punishing the people for persecuting Israel for 400 years. Also to reveal the vanity of their gods.
   They were prophecies of judgment to come and revealed in the book of Revelation.
3. The sequences of the plagues:

Sequence 1

• Water to blood (Exo 7:14-23)
• Frogs (Exo 8:1-15)
• Lice (Exo 8:16-19)

Sequence 2

• Flies (Exo 8:20-24)
• Murrain on cattle (Exo 9:1-7)
• Boils on the people (Exo 9:8-12)

Sequence 3

• Hail (Exo 9:13-35)
• Locusts (Exo 10:1-6)
• Thick Darkness (Exo 10:21-23)

4. Each sequence was followed by compromise

• Only the men can go
• Don’t go far
• Don’t take anything with you.

5. Final plague
   Death of the firstborn (Exo 11-12)

The key to this section is the Lamb. Passover marked the birth of the nation of Israel and its deliverance from bondage. Passover is the picture of Christ who is our Passover.

6. The Lamb needed
   Death came to all who failed to place blood over their door. There was no difference between the firstborn of Egypt and the firstborn of Israel. Blood made the difference.
7. The Lamb chosen
   The Jews have 2 calendars, a religious and civil. Passover marks the beginning of the religious year. The death of the lamb makes a new beginning just as Christ’s death makes a new beginning for us. he lamb was chosen before it was slain. Chosen on the 10^th day and slain between the 14^th and 15^th So, Christ was set aside before the foundation of the world.
8. The Lamb was spotless
   A male without blemish
9. The Lamb was tested
   From the 10^th day till the 14^th day they watched to make sure it was satisfactory. So, Christ was watched and tested.
10. The Lamb slain (Exo 12:6-7)
    We are not saved by Christ’s life but by His death. (Heb 9:22)
    Christ was slain on the 14^th day of the month
11. The Lamb eaten
    The blood was shed for sin, but the lamb had to be eaten as well by the people.
    We are invited to partake with Christ.
    No stranger was allowed to eat.
12. The Lamb trusted
    It required faith to do this.

Notes

The Crossing of the Red Sea (Exo 14-15)

The Passover illustrates our salvation through the blood, but there is more to the Christian life than being saved. We are required to journey with Christ in this life, and there are challenges we face, and hardships to endure. Too many followers today are delivered from bondage but never claim the rich inheritance of the abundant life.

1. Israel doubted
   Why did you bring us here? We were better off to stay in Egypt. Isn’t it interesting how little faith we have as long as our carnal needs are met?
2. Moses knew the way to victory was by trusting the Lord
   The water parted when the people started forward. Don’t wait for God to part waters. Trust Him and move ahead. Faith can part waters. Fatih can move mountains.

Notes